Glosario y listas
Vocabulario de finanzas en inglés
29 términos de finanzas para reuniones, reportes y emails, con el significado, el español y un ejemplo de cada uno.
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| Término | Significado | Español | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| revenue | money a business earns from sales | ingresos | Revenue grew 15 percent this quarter. |
| profit margin | the percentage of revenue that is profit | margen de ganancia | Our profit margin improved after cutting costs. |
| cash flow | the money moving in and out of a business | flujo de caja | We had a cash flow problem in January. |
| budget | a plan for how much to spend | presupuesto | We're over budget this month. |
| savings | money set aside, not spent | ahorros | We used our savings to cover the gap. |
| invoice | a bill for goods or services | factura | Please send the invoice by Friday. |
| expense | money spent on something | gasto | Travel expenses are covered by the company. |
| assets | things of value a company owns | activos | Our main assets are the software and the team. |
| liabilities | money a company owes | pasivos | Liabilities include the loan and unpaid invoices. |
| equity | the value left after liabilities are paid | patrimonio neto | Shareholders hold equity in the company. |
| loan | money borrowed that must be paid back | préstamo | We took out a loan to buy new equipment. |
| pay down debt | to pay back money owed, a little at a time | pagar una deuda de a poco | The company used extra profit to pay down debt. |
| interest rate | the cost of borrowing money, as a percentage | tasa de interés | The interest rate went up this year. |
| net income | profit after all expenses and taxes | resultado neto | Net income was lower than expected. |
| gross income | income before expenses and taxes | ingreso bruto | Gross income doesn't show the real profit. |
| overhead | ongoing costs not tied to one product | gastos generales | Rent and salaries are part of our overhead. |
| break even | the point where costs equal revenue | punto de equilibrio | We expect to break even by June. |
| ROI (return on investment) | the profit made compared to what was spent | retorno de la inversión | The campaign had a strong ROI. |
| forecast | a prediction of future numbers | proyección | Our sales forecast for Q3 is optimistic. |
| fiscal year | a company's 12 month accounting period | año fiscal | Our fiscal year starts in July. |
| accounts payable | money a company owes to suppliers | cuentas por pagar | Accounts payable are due within 30 days. |
| accounts receivable | money owed to a company by clients | cuentas por cobrar | Accounts receivable increased this month. |
| stakeholder | anyone affected by or interested in the business | parte interesada | We presented the results to key stakeholders. |
| shareholder | someone who owns part of the company | accionista | Shareholders vote on major decisions. |
| dividend | a share of profit paid to shareholders | dividendo | The company pays dividends every quarter. |
| audit | a formal check of financial records | auditoría | The audit found no issues. |
| write off | to record a loss as a tax deduction | dar de baja, castigar contablemente | We had to write off the unpaid invoice. |
| overdue | past the date it was due | vencido, atrasado | The payment is three weeks overdue. |
| installment | one of several scheduled payments | cuota | You can pay in three installments. |
Cómo usarlos en el trabajo
- Aprendé primero el par que más confunde a los hispanohablantes: revenue (ingresos) no es lo mismo que profit (ganancia). Revenue es todo lo que entra, profit es lo que queda.
- En un reporte financiero, poné primero el número y después la palabra: revenue was up 15 percent, no una introducción larga antes del dato.
- Gross y net aparecen en todos lados: gross es antes de los descuentos, net es después. Gross income, net income, gross salary, net salary.
Práctica
Multiple choice cloze (opción múltiple)
Elegí el término que encaja en el hueco.
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Preguntas
- ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre revenue y profit?
- Revenue es todo lo que entra por ventas. Profit es lo que queda después de restar los costos. Un negocio puede tener revenue alto y profit bajo.
- ¿Por qué confunden gross y net?
- Gross es el número antes de descontar algo, net es después. Se aplica a ingresos, sueldo y ganancia, así que siempre fijate cuál estás leyendo.
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