Glosario y listas
Vocabulario médico y de salud en inglés
26 términos médicos para consultas, derivaciones y notas de pacientes, con el significado, el español y un ejemplo de cada uno.
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| Término | Significado | Español | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| diagnosis | the identification of an illness or condition | diagnóstico | The diagnosis was confirmed after the tests. |
| symptom | a sign that something is wrong with the body | síntoma | Fever is a common symptom of infection. |
| prescription | a written order for medicine | receta médica | I'll write you a prescription for antibiotics. |
| dosage | the amount of medicine to take | dosis | Follow the dosage on the label. |
| side effect | an unwanted effect of a medicine | efecto secundario | Nausea is a common side effect of this drug. |
| chronic | lasting a long time, ongoing | crónico | She has a chronic condition that needs regular checkups. |
| acute | sudden and severe | agudo | He was admitted for acute abdominal pain. |
| referral | sending a patient to a specialist | derivación | I'm giving you a referral to a cardiologist. |
| follow-up | a later appointment to check progress | control, seguimiento | Let's schedule a follow-up in two weeks. |
| vital signs | basic body measurements like pulse and blood pressure | signos vitales | The nurse checked his vital signs. |
| blood pressure | the force of blood against artery walls | presión arterial | Your blood pressure is a bit high today. |
| allergy | an unusual reaction to a substance | alergia | Do you have any allergies to medication? |
| anesthesia | medicine used to prevent pain during surgery | anestesia | You'll be under general anesthesia for the procedure. |
| surgery | an operation | cirugía | The surgery lasted three hours. |
| recovery | the process of getting better | recuperación | Recovery usually takes about six weeks. |
| medical history | a patient's past health information | historia clínica | Please fill out your medical history before the appointment. |
| outpatient | a patient who doesn't stay overnight | paciente ambulatorio | It's an outpatient procedure, you'll go home the same day. |
| inpatient | a patient who stays in the hospital | paciente internado | She was admitted as an inpatient for observation. |
| immune system | the body's defense against illness | sistema inmunológico | A weak immune system makes infections more likely. |
| infection | an illness caused by bacteria or a virus | infección | The wound shows signs of infection. |
| consent form | a document a patient signs to agree to treatment | consentimiento informado | Please sign the consent form before the procedure. |
| insurance coverage | what a health plan pays for | cobertura del seguro | Check your insurance coverage before the treatment. |
| bedside manner | how a doctor communicates with patients | trato con el paciente | She has excellent bedside manner. |
| over the counter | medicine you can buy without a prescription | de venta libre | This is available over the counter. |
| underlying condition | a health problem that exists before or alongside another | condición preexistente | He has an underlying heart condition. |
| physical therapy | treatment to restore movement and strength | kinesiología, fisioterapia | She started physical therapy after the surgery. |
Cómo usarlos con pacientes
- Muchos términos médicos se parecen en inglés y español (diagnosis, infection, anesthesia), porque los dos toman del latín y el griego, pero cuidado con los falsos amigos: constipated significa estreñido, no resfriado, que es congested o has a cold.
- Actually no significa actualmente. Usá currently para eso: she is currently taking two medications.
- Con pacientes de habla inglesa, los términos simples suelen funcionar mejor que los clínicos en latín: decí heart attack, no myocardial infarction, salvo que el paciente tenga formación médica.
Práctica
Multiple choice cloze (opción múltiple)
Elegí el término que encaja en el hueco.
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Preguntas
- ¿Por qué tantos términos médicos se parecen en inglés y español?
- Los dos idiomas toman mucho del latín y el griego para terminología médica, así que palabras como diagnosis, infection y anesthesia se ven y suenan parecidas. La pronunciación y algunos significados igual difieren, así que no asumas que son idénticos.
- ¿Puedo practicar conversaciones reales con pacientes en clase?
- Sí, una clase de inglés para el trabajo puede armar la práctica alrededor de tu especialidad real y las frases que usás con pacientes día a día.
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